Why a gapping session?
When you know how far you hit each club, you choose the right club more quickly on the course. You also find out where things do not add up: a gap of 25 metres between your pitching wedge and your next wedge, or overlap when your 5-wood and your hybrid go the same distance.
How do you do it?
Ideally use a launch monitor, or a range with clear distance markers. Warm up properly first. Then hit 8 to 10 balls per club with your normal swing. Look at the carry (the distance in the air), not the total distance including roll. Leave out obvious mishits and note the average for each club.
What do you do with the results?
Irons are usually 10 to 15 metres apart. If you see a big gap, an extra wedge or hybrid can help, or adjusting the loft of a club. With overlap you can take a club out of the bag, which is useful because you may carry a maximum of 14 clubs.
How often?
Once or twice a year is enough, and always after buying new clubs or making a big change to your swing.